RESUMEN
Biofoams are a challenge for scientists in terms of innovation. Incorporation of cellulose fibrils (CF), might help improve the microstructure of foams, thus this study focuses on studying the impact of CF on the foaming properties and rheology of lentil protein (LP) foams at various pH and CF concentrations. Additionally, LP-CF mixtures were transformed into solid foams, and their microstructure, physical properties, and morphology were evaluated. CF concentration significantly impacted on LP-CF foam properties, primarily due to high viscosity values. Increased CF concentration resulted in improved FS values (up to 77 min) at all pH values. This is likely attributed to associative interactions and coacervates formation. Also, foam microstructure could be related to apparent viscosity, suggesting the role of viscosity in preserving the integrity of the wet foam structure during freezing and lyophilization processes. However, elevated viscosity values might negatively impact properties such as foaming capacity and produce denser microstructures. The microstructure and morphology analysis revealed that certain foams exhibited a sponge-like structure with open pores and semi-spherical shapes, supported by CF fibers extending and forming layers. However, the structure itself was irregular. While others exhibited non-uniform, irregular pore size, and shape, along with a denser structure. These findings contribute to understanding the behavior of LP-CF mixtures, although additional investigations on mechanical properties, biodegradability, and hydrophobicity are necessary to reach their full potential for various applications.
RESUMEN
Resumen Objetivo: Identificar cambios en la tendencia anual (CTA) de la Depresión según las Licencias Médicas Psiquiátricas del Fondo Nacional de Salud en la Región de Ñuble, Chile 2008-2017 Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo y de tendencia que incluyó 34.467 de estas licencias médicas registradas en la Comisión de Medicina Preventiva e Invalidez de la Secretaría Ministerial de Salud de la Región de Ñuble, según características en número de licencias, tipo de licencia, tipo de diagnóstico CIE-10, y entidad pagadora de subsidio. Los resultados se presentaron en números absolutos y porcentajes, para el CTA se construyó un modelo de regresión de Joinpoint, y se utilizó el software Joinpoint Regression Program, Version 4.7.0.0. Resultados: El número de licencias médicas por depresión aumentaron 152.3% del 2008 al 2017, según Tipo de Licencia 99.7% fue por enfermedad o accidente común, por Tipo de Diagnóstico CIE-10 50.7% fue por episodio depresivo inespecífico (F32.9), 71.6% por pagadora de subsidio cajas de compensación. El modelo Joinpoint no identificó CTA de la depresión según el número de las licencias médicas, más bien hubo un aumento constante estimado en 166 licencias (p=0.122) por cada año, diferentes CTA se observó en los diagnósticos de depresión según CIE-10. Conclusiones: La depresión va en aumento constante en la Región de Ñuble, y con la aparición de la COVID-19 más se agrava la salud mental de la población. Aumentar la inversión en salud mental, capacitar al personal sanitario en estas materias y que los tomadores de decisiones reconsideren la implementación del nuevo Plan Nacional de Salud Mental 2017-2025 es apremiante, para que estos esfuerzos reflejen un adecuado control de esta patología y una disminución de este tipo de licencias médicas psiquiátricas.
Abstract Objective: Identify changes in the annual trend (CTA) of Depression according to the Psychiatrics sick leave of the National Health Fund in the Ñuble Region, Chile 2008-2017 Materials and methods: Descriptive and trend study that included 34,467 of these medical licenses registered in the Commission for Preventive Medicine and Disability of the Ministerial Secretary of Health of the Ñuble Region and issued in 10 years, according to characteristics in number of licenses, type of license, type of ICD-10 diagnosis, and subsidy paying entity. The results were presented in absolute numbers and percentages. For the CTA, a Joinpoint regression model was constructed, and the Joinpoint Regression Program, Version 4.7.0.0 software was used. Results: The number of medical leave for depression increased 152.3% from 2008 to 2017, according to Type of Leave 99.7% was due to common illness or accident, by Type of ICD-10 Diagnosis 50.7% was due to nonspecific depressive episode (F32 .9), 71.6% per compensation fund subsidy payer.The Joinpoint model did not identify a CTA in depression according to the number of medical licenses, rather there was a constant increase estimated at 166 licenses (p = 0.122) for each year, and the depression diagnoses according to ICD-10 had different CTAs. Conclusions: Depression is constantly increasing in the Ñuble Region, and with the appearance of covid -19 the mental health of the population worsens, increase investment in mental health, train health personnel in these matters and that decisionmakers reconsider the implementation of the new National Mental Health Plan 2017-2025 is urgent so that these efforts are reflected in the control of this pathology and in the reduction of this type of psychiatrics sick leave.
